Class information for:
Level 1: SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE SPAD//SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE//AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE

Basic class information
Class id #P Avg. number of
references		 Database coverage
of references
8492 1248 19.4 61%


Bar chart of Publication_year

Last years might be incomplete

Hierarchy of classes
The table includes all classes above and classes immediately below the current class.


Cluster id Level Cluster label #P
10 4 OPTICS//PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS//PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 1131262
163 3       PHYSICAL REVIEW A//ENTANGLEMENT//QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING 60613
3069 2             SINGLE PHOTON DETECTOR//SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE SPAD//SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE 2417
8492 1                   SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE SPAD//SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE//AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE 1248

Terms with highest relevance score


rank Term termType Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE SPAD authKW 1420487 6% 84% 69
2 SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE authKW 948802 4% 71% 55
3 AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE authKW 603076 10% 21% 120
4 GEIGER MODE authKW 447347 3% 57% 32
5 PHOTON TIMING authKW 353277 2% 76% 19
6 AFTERPULSING authKW 349692 2% 53% 27
7 SINGLE PHOTON DETECTION authKW 342948 3% 37% 38
8 PHOTON COUNTING authKW 339670 7% 17% 83
9 SINGLE PHOTON DETECTOR authKW 315498 4% 29% 45
10 SPAD ARRAY authKW 227717 1% 85% 11

Web of Science journal categories


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 Optics 15557 46% 0% 579
2 Instruments & Instrumentation 4743 20% 0% 247
3 Engineering, Electrical & Electronic 4402 36% 0% 445
4 Physics, Applied 2267 29% 0% 362
5 Nuclear Science & Technology 240 5% 0% 60
6 Spectroscopy 121 3% 0% 42
7 Remote Sensing 95 1% 0% 17
8 Physics, Nuclear 65 3% 0% 37
9 Imaging Science & Photographic Technology 64 1% 0% 15
10 Physics, Particles & Fields 49 3% 0% 38

Address terms


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 ADV VIS PROC 48932 0% 100% 2
2 INFRARED DETECT IMAGING TECHNOL 48932 0% 100% 2
3 QUANTUM ARCHITECTURE GRP AQUA 48932 0% 100% 2
4 DIPARTIMENTO ELETTRON INFORMAZ 46455 4% 4% 52
5 ENGN OPT RUMENT 44036 0% 60% 3
6 STRUCT CONSTITUENTS MATTER 40026 0% 27% 6
7 DIPARTIMENTO ELETTRON INFORMAZ BIOINGN 35826 3% 4% 34
8 GEINTRA GRP 32620 0% 67% 2
9 INFORMAT ELECT SYST 32620 0% 67% 2
10 INTEGRATED OPT SENSORS GRP 32620 0% 67% 2

Journals


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS 8877 4% 1% 48
2 APPLIED OPTICS 8070 9% 0% 108
3 OPTICAL ENGINEERING 5471 4% 0% 56
4 IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 5418 2% 1% 30
5 IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 4243 3% 1% 32
6 REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 3663 5% 0% 68
7 OPTICS EXPRESS 3351 6% 0% 69
8 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 3341 4% 0% 46
9 IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 2449 2% 0% 29
10 IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2210 2% 0% 28

Author Key Words


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class		 LCSH search Wikipedia search
1 SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE SPAD 1420487 6% 84% 69 Search SINGLE+PHOTON+AVALANCHE+DIODE+SPAD Search SINGLE+PHOTON+AVALANCHE+DIODE+SPAD
2 SINGLE PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODE 948802 4% 71% 55 Search SINGLE+PHOTON+AVALANCHE+DIODE Search SINGLE+PHOTON+AVALANCHE+DIODE
3 AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE 603076 10% 21% 120 Search AVALANCHE+PHOTODIODE Search AVALANCHE+PHOTODIODE
4 GEIGER MODE 447347 3% 57% 32 Search GEIGER+MODE Search GEIGER+MODE
5 PHOTON TIMING 353277 2% 76% 19 Search PHOTON+TIMING Search PHOTON+TIMING
6 AFTERPULSING 349692 2% 53% 27 Search AFTERPULSING Search AFTERPULSING
7 SINGLE PHOTON DETECTION 342948 3% 37% 38 Search SINGLE+PHOTON+DETECTION Search SINGLE+PHOTON+DETECTION
8 PHOTON COUNTING 339670 7% 17% 83 Search PHOTON+COUNTING Search PHOTON+COUNTING
9 SINGLE PHOTON DETECTOR 315498 4% 29% 45 Search SINGLE+PHOTON+DETECTOR Search SINGLE+PHOTON+DETECTOR
10 SPAD ARRAY 227717 1% 85% 11 Search SPAD+ARRAY Search SPAD+ARRAY

Core articles
The table includes core articles in the class. The following variables is taken into account for the relevance score of an article in a cluster c:
(1) Number of references referring to publications in the class.
(2) Share of total number of active references referring to publications in the class.
(3) Age of the article. New articles get higher score than old articles.
(4) Citation rate, normalized to year.


Rank Reference # ref.
in cl.		 Shr. of ref. in
cl.		 Citations
1 ZHANG, J , ITZLER, MA , ZBINDEN, H , PAN, JW , (2015) ADVANCES IN INGAAS/INP SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR QUANTUM COMMUNICATION.LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS. VOL. 4. ISSUE . P. - 71 53% 26
2 PALUBIAK, DP , DEEN, MJ , (2014) CMOS SPADS: DESIGN ISSUES AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR DETECTORS, CIRCUITS, AND ARRAYS.IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS. VOL. 20. ISSUE 6. P. - 58 68% 7
3 BRONZI, D , VILLA, F , TISA, S , TOSI, A , ZAPPA, F , (2016) SPAD FIGURES OF MERIT FOR PHOTON-COUNTING, PHOTON-TIMING, AND IMAGING APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW.IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL. VOL. 16. ISSUE 1. P. 3 -12 33 89% 5
4 GIUSTOLISI, G , MITA, R , PALUMBO, G , (2012) BEHAVIORAL MODELING OF STATISTICAL PHENOMENA OF SINGLE-PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODES.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS. VOL. 40. ISSUE 7. P. 661 -679 36 92% 17
5 COVA, S , GHIONI, M , LACAITA, A , SAMORI, C , ZAPPA, F , (1996) AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES AND QUENCHING CIRCUITS FOR SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION.APPLIED OPTICS. VOL. 35. ISSUE 12. P. 1956-1976 37 86% 531
6 GIUSTOLISI, G , GRASSO, AD , PALUMBO, G , (2015) INTEGRATED QUENCHING-AND-RESET CIRCUIT FOR SINGLE-PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODES.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT. VOL. 64. ISSUE 1. P. 271 -277 30 91% 1
7 ITZLER, MA , JIANG, XD , ENTWISTLE, M , SLOMKOWSKI, K , TOSI, A , ACERBI, F , ZAPPA, F , COVA, S , (2011) ADVANCES IN INGAASP-BASED AVALANCHE DIODE SINGLE PHOTON DETECTORS.JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS. VOL. 58. ISSUE 3-4. P. 174 -200 34 71% 67
8 COVA, S , GHIONI, M , LOTITO, A , RECH, I , ZAPPA, F , (2004) EVOLUTION AND PROSPECTS FOR SINGLE-PHOTON AVALANCHE DIODES AND QUENCHING CIRCUITS.JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS. VOL. 51. ISSUE 9-10. P. 1267-1288 28 90% 173
9 BRONZI, D , VILLA, F , TISA, S , TOSI, A , ZAPPA, F , DURINI, D , WEYERS, S , BROCKHERDE, W , (2014) 100 000 FRAMES/S 64 X 32 SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTOR ARRAY FOR 2-D IMAGING AND 3-D RANGING.IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS. VOL. 20. ISSUE 6. P. - 28 72% 15
10 CHARBON, E , (2014) SINGLE-PHOTON IMAGING IN COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES.PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES. VOL. 372. ISSUE 2012. P. - 24 80% 21

Classes with closest relation at Level 1


Rank Class id link
1 14757 SUPERCONDUCTING SINGLE PHOTON DETECTORS//SINGLE PHOTON DETECTOR//SUPERCONDUCTING NANOWIRE SINGLE PHOTON DETECTOR
2 3794 QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION//QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY//DECOY STATE
3 21482 CARL EMILY FUCHS MICROELECT//CEFIM//HOT CARRIER LUMINESCENCE
4 29513 KINECT//KINECT V2//IMAGE AND DEPTH SENSORS
5 6648 AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE//EXCESS NOISE FACTOR//IMPACT IONIZATION
6 34397 REFLECTIVE TOMOGRAPHY//SYNTHETIC APERTURE IMAGING LADAR//SPACE LASER COMMUN DETECT TECHNOL
7 7908 CMOS IMAGE SENSOR//ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR//IMAGE SENSORS
8 811 SILICON PHOTOMULTIPLIER//SIPM//DEPTH OF INTERACTION
9 10041 FLIM//WM KECK CELLULAR IMAGING//FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING
10 16298 TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER//TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER TIA//OPTICAL RECEIVERS

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