Class information for:
Level 1: FREEZE DRYING//LYOPHILIZATION//FREEZE DRYING LYOPHILIZATION

Basic class information
Class id #P Avg. number of
references		 Database coverage
of references
7069 1409 32.2 63%


Bar chart of Publication_year

Last years might be incomplete

Hierarchy of classes
The table includes all classes above and classes immediately below the current class.


Cluster id Level Cluster label #P
3 4 PLANT SCIENCES//AGRONOMY//FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1882812
357 3       DRYING TECHNOLOGY//JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING//OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION 34799
1592 2             TREHALOSE//SPRAY DRYING//FREEZE DRYING 7190
7069 1                   FREEZE DRYING//LYOPHILIZATION//FREEZE DRYING LYOPHILIZATION 1409

Terms with highest relevance score


rank Term termType Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 FREEZE DRYING authKW 1716575 28% 20% 399
2 LYOPHILIZATION authKW 1522586 17% 30% 238
3 FREEZE DRYING LYOPHILIZATION authKW 569314 2% 77% 34
4 PROTEIN FORMULATION authKW 286008 5% 20% 65
5 PRIMARY DRYING authKW 265454 1% 88% 14
6 LYOPHILIZED FORMULATION authKW 235956 1% 78% 14
7 MANOMETRIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT authKW 196998 1% 91% 10
8 SOLID STATE STABILITY authKW 173524 2% 28% 29
9 FREEZE DRYING FOCUS GRP address 166454 1% 59% 13
10 JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES journal 139305 19% 2% 268

Web of Science journal categories


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 Pharmacology & Pharmacy 15450 60% 0% 851
2 Chemistry, Medicinal 7784 22% 0% 315
3 Chemistry, Multidisciplinary 3675 34% 0% 480
4 Engineering, Chemical 1079 13% 0% 179
5 Engineering, Mechanical 531 7% 0% 100
6 BIOLOGY, MISCELLANEOUS 495 0% 0% 6
7 Thermodynamics 196 4% 0% 51
8 Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology 184 6% 0% 89
9 Food Science & Technology 76 4% 0% 54
10 Biology 59 3% 0% 36

Address terms


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 FREEZE DRYING FOCUS GRP 166454 1% 59% 13
2 BIOPHARMA SOLUT 117978 0% 78% 7
3 PARENTERAL EMPHASIS 78007 0% 60% 6
4 PHARM PHARMACEUT TECHNOL BIOPHARMACEUT 67741 1% 15% 21
5 IST INGN CHIM 60190 0% 56% 5
6 PHARMACEUT PROC ANALYT TECHNOL 58368 1% 17% 16
7 UMR Q 5007 48756 0% 75% 3
8 BIOCHEM PROC 43868 1% 23% 9
9 BIOP ERVAT 43340 0% 100% 2
10 BIOPHARM ANALYT SCI 43340 0% 100% 2

Journals


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class
1 JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 139305 19% 2% 268
2 PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 60185 11% 2% 149
3 DRYING TECHNOLOGY 36185 6% 2% 81
4 JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 22014 1% 9% 11
5 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS 19609 4% 2% 58
6 PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY 16194 2% 2% 32
7 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 13868 7% 1% 101
8 AAPS PHARMSCITECH 11313 2% 2% 31
9 BIOPHARM INTERNATIONAL 10576 1% 3% 16
10 PDA JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9763 1% 4% 11

Author Key Words


Rank Term Chi square Shr. of publ. in
class containing
term		 Class's shr. of
term's tot. occurrences		 #P with
term in
class		 LCSH search Wikipedia search
1 FREEZE DRYING 1716575 28% 20% 399 Search FREEZE+DRYING Search FREEZE+DRYING
2 LYOPHILIZATION 1522586 17% 30% 238 Search LYOPHILIZATION Search LYOPHILIZATION
3 FREEZE DRYING LYOPHILIZATION 569314 2% 77% 34 Search FREEZE+DRYING+LYOPHILIZATION Search FREEZE+DRYING+LYOPHILIZATION
4 PROTEIN FORMULATION 286008 5% 20% 65 Search PROTEIN+FORMULATION Search PROTEIN+FORMULATION
5 PRIMARY DRYING 265454 1% 88% 14 Search PRIMARY+DRYING Search PRIMARY+DRYING
6 LYOPHILIZED FORMULATION 235956 1% 78% 14 Search LYOPHILIZED+FORMULATION Search LYOPHILIZED+FORMULATION
7 MANOMETRIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 196998 1% 91% 10 Search MANOMETRIC+TEMPERATURE+MEASUREMENT Search MANOMETRIC+TEMPERATURE+MEASUREMENT
8 SOLID STATE STABILITY 173524 2% 28% 29 Search SOLID+STATE+STABILITY Search SOLID+STATE+STABILITY
9 SPRAY FREEZE DRYING 138080 2% 28% 23 Search SPRAY+FREEZE+DRYING Search SPRAY+FREEZE+DRYING
10 FREEZE DRYING OF PHARMACEUTICALS 130020 0% 100% 6 Search FREEZE+DRYING+OF+PHARMACEUTICALS Search FREEZE+DRYING+OF+PHARMACEUTICALS

Core articles
The table includes core articles in the class. The following variables is taken into account for the relevance score of an article in a cluster c:
(1) Number of references referring to publications in the class.
(2) Share of total number of active references referring to publications in the class.
(3) Age of the article. New articles get higher score than old articles.
(4) Citation rate, normalized to year.


Rank Reference # ref. in
cl.		 Shr. of ref. in
cl.		 Citations
1 WANG, W , (2000) LYOPHILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID PROTEIN PHARMACEUTICALS.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS. VOL. 203. ISSUE 1-2. P. 1 -60 119 56% 496
2 WAHL, V , KHINAST, J , PAUDEL, A , (2016) LYOPHILIZED PROTEIN POWDERS: A REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS OF LOT-TO-LOT VARIABILITY.TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. VOL. 82. ISSUE . P. 468 -491 120 58% 0
3 KASPER, JC , WINTER, G , FRIESS, W , (2013) RECENT ADVANCES AND FURTHER CHALLENGES IN LYOPHILIZATION.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS. VOL. 85. ISSUE 2. P. 162-169 77 79% 31
4 LIU, JS , (2006) PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS IN FROZEN AND FREEZE-DRIED SOLID STATES: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN FREEZE-DRYING DEVELOPMENT.PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. VOL. 11. ISSUE 1. P. 3 -28 89 70% 60
5 KASPER, JC , FRIESS, W , (2011) THE FREEZING STEP IN LYOPHILIZATION: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS, FREEZING METHODS AND CONSEQUENCES ON PROCESS PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS. VOL. 78. ISSUE 2. P. 248 -263 60 68% 99
6 MOORTHY, BS , IYER, LK , TOPP, EM , (2015) CHARACTERIZING PROTEIN STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS AND CONFORMATION IN LYOPHILIZED SOLIDS.CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN. VOL. 21. ISSUE 40. P. 5845 -5853 64 73% 2
7 BHATNAGAR, BS , BOGNER, RH , PIKAL, MJ , (2007) PROTEIN STABILITY DURING FREEZING: SEPARATION OF STRESSES AND MECHANISMS OF PROTEIN STABILIZATION.PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY. VOL. 12. ISSUE 5. P. 505-523 67 66% 106
8 BOSCA, S , BARRESI, AA , FISSORE, D , (2015) DESIGN OF A ROBUST SOFT-SENSOR TO MONITOR IN-LINE A FREEZE-DRYING PROCESS.DRYING TECHNOLOGY. VOL. 33. ISSUE 9. P. 1039 -1050 44 100% 0
9 STARTZEL, P , GIESELER, H , GIESELER, M , ABDUL-FATTAH, AM , ADLER, M , MAHLER, HC , GOLDBACH, P , (2016) MANNITOL/L-ARGININE-BASED FORMULATION SYSTEMS FOR FREEZE DRYING OF PROTEIN PHARMACEUTICALS: EFFECT OF THE L-ARGININE COUNTER ION AND FORMULATION COMPOSITION ON THE FORMULATION PROPERTIES AND THE PHYSICAL STATE OF MANNITOL.JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. VOL. 105. ISSUE 10. P. 3123 -3135 51 81% 0
10 BOSCA, S , CORBELLINI, S , BARRESI, AA , FISSORE, D , (2013) FREEZE-DRYING MONITORING USING A NEW PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY: TOWARD A "ZERO DEFECT" PROCESS.DRYING TECHNOLOGY. VOL. 31. ISSUE 15. P. 1744-1755 42 100% 2

Classes with closest relation at Level 1


Rank Class id link
1 10284 TREHALOSE//ANHYDROBIOLOGY//BIOSTABILIZAT PROGRAM
2 8514 PROTEIN FORMULATION//PROTEIN AGGREGATION//SUBVISIBLE PARTICLES
3 7871 GLASS TRANSITION//CAKING//STATE DIAGRAM
4 32650 SCIENTIST//DISTANT TRANSFECTION//DNA RETARDATION TRANSFECTION
5 24183 ISOTHERMAL MICROCALORIMETRY//AMORPHOUS CONTENT//SORPTION CALORIMETRY
6 37227 ABILITY TO PERFECTION//AGAR AGAR HYDROGEL//BIOPOLYMER WATER SYSTEMS
7 1023 SOLID DISPERSION//SOLID DISPERSIONS//HOT MELT EXTRUSION
8 2404 DRY POWDER INHALER//PULMONARY DELIVERY//DRY POWDER INHALATION
9 23377 PHMAX//DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS DICAFOS ANR//EQUIVALENT PH
10 21238 SONOCRYSTALLIZATION//LACTOSE RECOVERY//SONOCRYSTALLISATION

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