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Students design autonomous aircraft at bootcamp

group of people in an aircraft hangar
Students from KTH participated at a summer boot camp at the University of Sao Paolo. The “Project-Based Learning” course focused on a multidisciplinary practical experience, minimal traditional lectures, and direct industry involvement.
Publicerad 2024-09-16

A recent international bootcamp provided students with hands-on experience in the field of aeronautics. The event brought industry experts and students together to work on real-world projects, such as designing an unmanned ekranoplan.
"The goal was to provide a 360-degree experience for the students, allowing them maximum freedom in shaping the design, objectives, and activities through a broadly defined project with many open questions.", says associate professor Raffaello Mariani.

Portrait of Raffeallo Mariani

Raffello Mariani was one of the organizers of the bootcamp.

KTH and the University of Sao Paolo (EESC-USP) are both committed to developing programs that meet the demands of 21st-century education and the aeronautics industry. Given the strong aerospace ties between Sweden and Brazil, and the close collaboration between Associate Professor Raffaello Mariani at KTH and Professor Glauco Caurin at EESC-USP, partnering up for a boot camp was a natural choice for the two top engineering universities.

"There was also the interest from each university to partner with an institute from 'outside the local mentality' to broaden the scope of course development.", says Raffaello Mariani.

What project did the students work on?

"The students worked on designing an unmanned ekranoplan – a type of aircraft that flies close to the ground and is regaining commercial interest in electric aviation due to its high efficiency. This aircraft presents significant design challenges across all areas, including aerodynamics, stability, and flight control systems, pushing even the most experienced students beyond their comfort zones. For each design aspect the students were assigned 'mini challenges' with the aim to quickly validate their ideas, while also developing complex engineering solutions that went beyond the set learning objectives."

What were the key outcomes?

"The main takeaway for students was learning to combine theory with practice and experiencing industry projects firsthand through lectures and visits to companies like LATAM MRO, XMOBOTS, and Embraer. We believe they also realized the difference between clear-cut academic projects and the more uncertain nature of real-life development."

"For us as organizers, it was a chance to exchange ideas on teaching methods, expectations, and student engagement. We also integrated new approaches into our daily activities. Having the students' full attention, without the distraction of other courses, accelerated their learning and helped them meet the challenges more effectively."

"The bootcamp also highlighted that students from both KTH and USP lacked some key engineering skills needed for professional success, particularly in areas like engineering methodologies, communication, and organization. This reflects a gap in our curricula, which tends to focus on 'content and quantity' at the expense of 'concept acquisition' and the 'technical rationality' required for future engineers."

Are there any plans to organize similar events in the future?

"The first step is an ongoing review of the bootcamp, assessing what worked well and what didn’t, to refine the format for future opportunities. We're also looking at which aspects of the course could be integrated into our respective programs at KTH and USP. In the meantime, we plan to send two KTH students to USP at the end of the year to collaborate with two students there and further develop one of the course challenges that sparked their interest. On a broader level, both schools are keen to continue building this partnership."

The students' perspectives

The five participating students from KTH were: Yiyu Sun (MSc Aerospace Engineering), Isac Engbolm (Civilingenjör), Gauthier Jary (Vehicle Engineering/Farkostteknik), Ludwig Horvath (Civilingenjör), Carlo Pastore (MSc in Naval Architecture ). Three of them are answered our questions.

What were the most challenging and rewarding aspects of the project?

Yiyu Sun: The most challenging part was figuring out if our design was reasonable. When applying theory, not everything aligned perfectly, so we had to consider various factors and make trade-offs. The most rewarding part was seeing the CAD model turn into a physical object.

Isac Engblom: The biggest challenge and reward was designing the drone to be actually assembled by hand. It's easy to create a component on paper, but making it buildable is much harder. After all the effort, seeing the parts come together was incredibly satisfying.

Ludwig Horvath: The challenge was finding a balance and making quick decisions within tight time constraints. Early on, the group had to commit to a strategy and constantly adjust based on new developments. The most rewarding part was learning how to stay focused and balanced, both technically and socially, while working through the project's complexities.

In what ways has the collaboration with students from other countries influenced you?

Yiyu Sun: Working with students from different countries taught me interdisciplinary knowledge and new ways of thinking. While there were minor conflicts, these experiences helped me learn how to handle teamwork issues better in the future.

Isac Engblom: Collaborating with students from various nationalities improved my ability to communicate complex ideas across language barriers, which was a great experience for working in diverse teams.

Ludwig Horvath: The collaboration improved my English skills and reinforced the importance of handling "cultural clashes" positively. I appreciated the direct communication style, which helped me distinguish between personal and objective truths in a project, allowing constructive feedback without hesitation.

What have you learned?

Yiyu Sun: I gained knowledge about the Ekranoplan design process and learned to use drone operation software. The hands-on experience taught me to consider more factors in future designs. Weekly visits to aerospace companies deepened my understanding of the industry, especially at Embraer's flight test department, where they adjusted the aircraft's center of gravity using water tanks.

Isac Engblom: This project gave me the chance to improve my craftsmanship in drone construction. It was rewarding to apply my theoretical knowledge and see the progress from specifications to a working prototype.

Ludwig Horvath: I learned how the industry approaches autonomous flight and problem-solving, particularly in software and sensor development. It was refreshing to see companies create their own tools. I also learned that letting go of total control and trusting others is essential for success in large projects. Key skills gained include understanding industry strategies for control issues and improving my experimentation skills, while also learning to delegate tasks and trust my team to deliver.