Thermodynamics is a phenomenological macroscopic theory of energy conversions. Heat, which is an energy form with special properties, is particularly considered. The fundamental laws of thermodynamics, relating to energy and entropy, describe the conditions for various processes. The applicability of thermodynamics is due to the general character of its concepts. This part of the course constitutes a more deeply penetrating continuation of the course on thermodynamics for CTFYS1.
Statistical physics provides the microscopic molecular background of thermodynamics. By a statistical description based on the microscopic states of a system, averages of microscopic entities can be determined and constitute thermodynamic macroscopic entities. Modern statistical physics is formulated in terms of so called ensemble theory. Ideal gases and non-interacting spin-systems are among systems treated.
Quantum statistics demonstrates how the symmetry properties of quantum-mechanical wavefunctions influence the thermodynamic and statistical properties of a system. One distinguishes Bose- Einstein statistics for systems described by symmetric wavefunctions and Fermi-Dirac statistics for systems described by antisymmetric wavefunctions. Quantum statistics is applicable to electrons in metals and semiconductors, electromagnetic radiation, lattice vibrations, a.o.