Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D)
Determination of sensed mass (i.e. adsorbed mass + hydrodynamically coupled water). Can, unlike optical techniques, be used in non-transparent solvents. Measurement of the coupling between the adsorbed layer and the surrounding (increases with layer thickness and layer viscoelasticity). Measurements of swelling and desorption.
Models
Instrument 1
Q-sense E4
Instrument 2
Q-sense 303
Handling
Relatively easy. Can be learned in a couple of days.