Spring 2009

InternetworkingVT 2009 Period 4, IK1550 Internetworking

Last modified: Mon Jan 31 11:04:42 MET 2011

Announcements

All the assigments that have been received as of 4 June 2009 have been graded and the grades reported. If you have submitted an assigment and have not gotten back comments - please contact the instructor.

There will be a reprise of the lecures, thus far in the course on Monday the 6th of April starting promptly at 10:00 in the Grimeton seminar room at Wireless@KTH (this is located in the Electrum 1 building in Kista - for directions see http://www.wireless.kth.se/).

Page is still under construction - contents may be inconsistent
* Note that the lectures and recitations begin on the hour (as noted in their schedules). Note that there is also on-line information for the textbook.
* For your document, you should be sure to use A4 sized paper rather than US letter.
* For those using LaTeX, you can improve the look of the document by:
* switching to using PostScipt fonts (instructions)
* You can also turn off hyphenation or at least limit its use with "\hyphenpenalty=5000 \tolerance=1000"

Some common flaws in reports
* Incomplete references
* Missing important citations
* Statements made without justification or supporting citations
* Poor (or no) editing
* Failure to spell check the document
* Documents which it is clear that no one looked at after formatting - often these have breaks in the middle of sentences, missing phrases, ... .
* Lack of page numbers
* Unreadable text in figures
* Failure to label elements of figures adequately
* Use of contractions
* Use of acronyms or abbreviations without properly introducing them; often failure to use these acroynms and abbreviations consistently through the rest of the paper
* Redundant text
* Using figures from others without the copyright owner's permission
* Using too few refences, so the paper looks like simply a cut an paste edit of these references.
* Single sentence paragraphs
* Lack of vertical white space between paragraphs, which in some cases makes it hard to understand where new paragraphs beging
* Lack of a date - every document should have a date, in addition to title and author(s)
* Lack of section, subsection, ... number - makes cross references difficult
IK1550 Internetworking is a 6 ECTS credits course designed for undergraduates.

Information is available on:

* Aim
* Prerequisites
* Contents
* Schedule
* Literature and Course Material (Textbook, Reference books and other references)
* Lecture Plan and Lecture Material (OH slides)
* Examination Requirements and Registrations
* Staff Associated with the Course
* Registering for the Course
* Other on-line Course Material (More References)
* Announcements
* Evaluation
* Previous versions of the course
Aim This course will give both practical and general knowledge on the protocols that are the basis of the Internet. After this course you should have a good knowledge about Internet protocols and internetworking architecture. You should have a general knowledge aiding you in reading research and standardization documents in the area.

Learning Outcomes Following this course a student should be able to:

* Understand the principles on which internetworking is based - which define the Internet (both what it is and why it has proven to be so succesful)
* Understand TCP/IP protocol stack, layering, encapsulation and multiplexing
* Understand multiplexing, demultiplexing, upward and downward multiplexing
* Encapsulation as used for Mobile IP, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), IP security, ... and other tunnelling protocols
* Understand how information is encoded in headers and how the choice of this encoding and field size may effect the use and evolution of a protocol
* Understand how data is encoded in the body of a packet and how this may effect internetworking - especially in the presence of firewall and network address translators.

* Understand IP Addressing, subnetting and address resolution - including the interaction of protocols across layers
* Understand a number of higher layer protocols including the security risks and performance limitations of each
* Understand the basic details of routing and routing protocols (RIP, BGP, OSPF) - with an emphasis on their limitations and behaviors
* Understand autoconfiguration and naming (BOOTP, DHCP, DNS, DDNS, DNSsec, ENUM, ... ) - with an emphasis on risks, limitations, scaling, and evolution
* Understand the nature and pressures on the design and operations of internets - particularily on scaling, performance, delay bounds, due to new Internet applications (VoIP, streaming, games, peer-to-peer, etc.
* Understand the advantages and disadvantages of IPv6 (in comparison to IPv4)
*
* Read the current literature at the level of conference papers in this area.
* While you may not be able to understand all of the papers in journals, magazines, and conferences in this area - you should be able to read 90% or more of them and have good comprehension. In this area it is especially important that develop a habit of reading the journals, trade papers, etc. In addition, you should also be aware of both standardization activities, new products/services, and public policy in the area.

* Demonstrate knowledge of this area in writing.
* By writing a paper suitable for submission to a trade paper or national conference in the area.

Prerequisites
* Datorkommunikation och datornät/Data and Computer Communications or equivalent knowledge in Computer Communications
* Students who have not completed the prerequisites should obtain permission of the instructor, before registering for the course.
Contents The course consists of 14 hours of lectures, 14 hours of recitation (övningar) and 40-100 hours of written assignment.

Lectures will be given in English. Lecture notes will be available via the course web site in advance of the relevant lecture(s).

Recitations Recitations will be based on exercises from the main literature. Some extra recitations may be made available via the course web site.

Topics
* What the Internet is and why it has proven to be so succesful.
* What protocols are required to allow internetworking (IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.)
* Understanding of TCP/IP protocol stack, layering, encapsulation and multiplexing
* IP Addressing, subnetting and resolution
* Transport protocols, including UDP and TCP
* Details of routing and routing protocols (RIP, BGP, OSPF)
* Autoconfiguration and naming (BOOTP, DHCP, DNS)
* Internet applications (VoIP, SMTP, etc)
* Multicasting, VPNs, Mobile IP, and security
* IPv6 and some differences with IPv4
Examination Requirements
* The basic requirement is the written paper, those who do not submit an acceptable paper can take an oral exam (see "komplettering").
Exam Schedule Written report
* An assigned paper requiring roughly 40-100h of work by each student
* Registration: Friday 01-May-09, to maguire@kth.se with the "Subject: IK1550 topics" giving the topic selected
* Potential topics will be discussed in class.
* Written report
* The length of the final report should be ~7-8 pages (roughly 3,000 words) for each student; it should not be longer than 8 pages for each student - papers which are longer than 8 pages will have a maximum grade of "E". (detailed measurements, configuration scripts, etc. can be in additional pages as an appendix or appendices).
* The report should clearly describe: 1) what you have done; 2) if you have done some implementation and measurements you should describe the methods and tools used, along with the test or implementation results, and your analysis.
* Final Report: written report due before Wednesday 27-May-09 23:59
* Send email with URL link to a PDF file to maguire@kth.se
* Late assignments will not be accepted (i.e., there is no guarantee that they will graded in time for the end of the term)
* Note that it is pemissible to start working well in advance of the deadlines! Thus send the instructor your selection of topic as soon as you have selected one.
* Language: the report can be written in Swedish or English - (I can provide better feedback if the report is written in English)

A sample paper is: http://www.ibiblio.org/mdma-release/http-prob.html by Simon E Spero).

Each of the sample papers below appears here by permision of the authors - the copyright belongs to the respective authors.

From IK1550 - 2009:

* Sara Klingberg, IPRED: En lösning för framtiden?, 27 May 2009 - note that this paper provides an interesting alternative explaination for the change in traffic after IPRED went into effect.
From 2G1305 - 2006 (4 point papers):

* Erik Carlborg Fröberg, André Eriksson, and Polly Yeung, "BitTorrent och traffic shaping", 26 October 2006
Note that the papers below represent papers that were done for 1 point, rather than the 4 points which the current papers are to be worth.

From 2G1305 - 2005:

* Stefan Lundström and Daniel Hassellöf, "SCTP-performance and security, 25 May 2005
* Henrik Österdahl, "A comparison of TCP and SCTP performance using the HTTP protocol, 25 May 2005
* Mikael Rudholm, "Lastbalansering för webbservrar", 24 May 2005
* Åsa Pehrsson, TLS session resumption impact on HTTP performance, 8 September 2005
From 2G1305 - 2002:

* Filip Tysk, "Design and evaluation of a TCP proxy which provides secure tunneling to another TCP proxy." 26 September 2002
* Rodrigo Sierra, Fair queuing in data networks, 6 December 2002.
Grading A very good paper should be either a very good review or present a new idea, while an outstanding or excellent paper should be truely innovative.

ECTS grades
* To get an "A" you need to write an outstanding or excellent paper.
* To get a "B" you need to write a very good paper, i.e., it should be either a very good review or present a new idea.
* To get a "C" you need to write a paper which shows that you understand the basic ideas underlying internetworking and that you understand one (or more) particular aspects at the level of an average undergraduate student in the area.
* To get a "D" you need to demonstrate that you understand the basic ideas underlying internetworking, however, your depth of knowledge is shallow in the topic of your paper.
* If your paper has some errors (including incomplete references) the grade will be an "E".
* If your paper has serious errors the grade will be an "F".
If your paper is close to passing, but not at the passing level, then you will be offered the opportunity for "komplettering", i.e., students whose written paper does not pass can submit a revised version of their paper (or a completely new paper) - which will be evaluated.

Code of Honor and Regulations It is KTH policy that there is zero tolerance for cheating, plagiarism, etc. - for details see http://www.kth.se/dokument/student/student_rights.pdf See also the KTH Ethics Policies

Literature Main Text-Book The course will mainly be based on the book Behrouz A. Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, publication date January 2005, (Copyright 2006) 896 pages, ISBN 0-07-296772-2 (hardbound) or 0-07-111583-8 (softbound)

Note that there is on-line material for the textbook; this includes animations and other useful material.

Differences from the 2nd edition are list on page xxxi of the 3rd edition. The most significant for this course is that the 3rd edition covers: SCTP, more about security, and more examples (using ping, netstat, etc.).

Reading guide: read the entire book.

Additional Reference Books
* Russell Bradford, The Art of Computer Networking, Pearson Education Limited, Prentice Hall, 2007, 304 pages, ISBN 978-0-321-30676-0 ( links collected by the textbook's author)
* Mobile IP: Design Principles and Practices by Charles E. Perkins, Addison-Wesley, 1998, ISBN 0-201-63469-4.
* Mobile IP: the Internet Unplugged by James D. Solomon, Prentice Hall, 1998, ISBN 0-13-856246-6.
* Muhhub Hassan and Raj Jain, Higher Performance TCP/IP Networking: Concepts, Issues, and Solutions Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2004, ISBN 0-13-127257-8.
Supplementary readings For socket programming see:

* Richard Stevens, UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1, Second Edition: Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI, Prentice Hall, 1998, ISBN 0-13-490012-X.Comment: An excellent book on programming network software. The source code and errata list.
* Brian "Beej" Hall, "Beej's Guide to Network Programming: Using Internet Sockets", 04/08/2004 07:22:02 PM
* "Prepared Statement of Vinton G. Cerf, Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist, Google Inc.", at U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Hearing on "Network Neutrality", February 7, 2006
* S. Kurkowski, T. Camp, and M. Coagrosso. MANET simulation studies: the Incredibles. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 9(4), October 2005.
* Christian Benvenuti, Understanding Linux Network Internals, O'Reilly, 2006, ISBN 0-596-00255-6
* Katie Hafner and Mathew Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet, 1996, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-684-81201-0
* Robert Malmgren, Praktisk nätsäkerhet, Internet Academy Press, Stockholm, Sweden, 2003, ISBN 91-85035-02-5
* Anurag Kumar, D. Manjunath, and Joy Kuri, Communication Networking: An Analytical Approach, Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0-12-428751-4
* Russell Bradford, Rob Simmonds, and Brian Unger. "Packet Reading for Network Emulation", Proceedings MASCOTS 2001: The IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, August 2001, pp. 150-157. [An excellent source for learning about reading and writing link layer frames and raw packets.] (link to paper from the first author's home page)
* Chris Sanders, "Practical Packet Analysis: Using Wireshark to Solve Real-World Network Problems", No Starch Press, May 2008, 172 pp.
* Kevin D. Mitnick and William L. Simon, The Art of Deception: Controlling the Human Element of Security, Wiley Publishing, 2002, 0-7645-4280-X.
Useful URLs Note that ethereal is now Wireshark. For an interesting BLOG which has excellent examples of using Wireshark for network care and maintenance see Chris Sander's Blog

Seagull - multi-protocol traffic generator

Lecture Plan and Lecture Material (OH slides) Schedule Note that in the following "xx" means "xx:00", not "xx:15".

The lecture notes are in PDF format.

Lectures notes for 2009 (~4.6MB)

Schedule for Period 4 2009:

Day of weekDateTimeRoomNotes Tuesday 17 March 15:00-17:00 Sal E Lecture 1 Wednesday 18 March 13:00-15:00 Sal E Lecture 2 Thursday 19 March 13:00-15:00 Sal E Lecture 3 Monday 23 March 08:00-10:00 Sal E Lecture 4 Tuesday 24 March 15:00-17:00 Sal E Lecture 5 Wednesday 25 March 13:00-15:00 Sal E Lecture 6 Monday 30 March 08:00-10:00 Sal E Lecture 7 Tuesday 31 March 10:00-12:00 Sal E Lecture 8 Thursday 2 April 13:00-15:00 Sal E Lecture 9 Monday 20 April 08:00-10:00 Sal E Lecture 10 Tuesday 21 April 15:00-17:00 Sal E Lecture 11 Wednesday 22 April 13:00-15:00 Sal E Lecture 12 Monday 27 April 08:00-10:00 Sal E Lecture 13 Tuesday 28 April 13:00-15:00 Sal E Lecture 14 Note that the classrooms for the spring session are on the Kista campus.

Note also that the lectures and recitations (Övningar) are intermixed

Staff Associated with the Course
* Lecturer (kursansvarig, föreläsare): Prof. Gerald Q. Maguire Jr. (maguire@kth.se)
* Recitation assistants
* Administrative Assistant-for administrative questions: recording of grades, ... contact
* Irina Radulescu

Registering Use the normal process for registering. For most students this means you should speak with your study advisor (studievägledare).

For Industrial Economics (I) students see the program for KSI (A), year 3.

Previous versions of the course

* Spring 2008
* Fall 2006 and Spring 2007
* Spring 2006
* Spring 2005
Other on-line Course Material Sources for Further Information
* Local KTH network information
* The Libnet Packet Construction Library for easily creating packets
* Jörg Liebeherr and Magda El Zarki's Mastering Networks: An Internet Lab Manual, Addison-Wesley, 2004, ISBN: 0-201-78134-4.
* Radia Perlman, Myths, missteps, and folklore in protocol design, Invited talk, USENIX 01, June 30, 2001.
* Tim Deegan, Jon Crowcroft, and Andrew Warfield. The main name system: An exercise in centralized computing ACM SIGCOMM CCR, 35(5):5-13,October 2005
* A useful tool for emulating a network with a given throughput, error rate, etc. is NISTnet see also dummynet
* How to set up NISNET under Ubuntu
* ICANN Factsheet: Root server attack on 6 February 2007, 1 March 2007
* Edith Cohen and Haim Kaplan, "Proactive DNS caching: Addressing a Performance Bottleneck", see also E. Cohen and H. Kaplan, "Proactive caching of DNS records: Addressing a performance bottleneck", in Proc. of Symposium on Applications and the Internet (2001).
* KyoungSoo Park, Vivek S. Pai, Larry Peterson, and Zhe Wang, "CoDNS: Improving DNS Performance and Reliability via Cooperative Lookups"
* For information on packet filtering on a popular OS - see Windows Network Data and Packet Filtering, Printing Communications Assoc., Inc. (PCAUSA), Last modified: January 20, 2007
* If you are thinking about packet tracing on the Symbian platform you need access to the IP Hook API. Which appears to only be available to "Platinum" developers.
* Howard Rheingold talking about cooperation theory (an 80 meg MP3, with an interesting section about why new services and protocols can be created
* Cisco Network Topology Icons are freely available for use when drawing network diagrams.
* A very interesting analysis of the realities of TFTP by Thiadmer Riemersma, ITB CompuPhase, 2006. See the use of TFTP in Preboot Execution Environment (PXE).
* To determine your IPv6 address, try the command http://www.whatismyipv6.net/?s=IPv6_traceroute
* IPv6 at KTH
* Laura Chappell has a very nice animated article in the October 2007 issue of Novell Connection Magazine on how to use the advanced graphing features of Wireshark
* SCTP
* There were some measurements of SCTP vs. TCP report on 1 March 2004
* There is a kernel implmentation of SCTP, see: Linux Kernel Stream Control Transmission Protocol (lksctp) project Background paper about this project.
* A multistreaming example of SCTP with a pointer to their code.
* Some SCTP performance measurement papers: Jong-Shik Ha, Sang-Tae Kim, and Seok J. Koh, "Performance Comparison of SCTP and TCP over Linux Platform", In Advances in Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, ISSN 0302-9743 (Print) 1611-3349 (Online), Volume 3645, 2005, pp. 396-404. DOI 10.1007/11538356, ISBN 978-3-540-28227-3, DOI 10.1007/11538356_41 Andreas Jungmaier and Erwin P. Rathgeb, On SCTP multi-homing performance, Journal Telecommunication Systems, Springer Netherlands, Volume 31, Numbers 2-3, March, 2006, pp. 141-161. ISSN 1018-4864 (Print) 1572-9451 (Online), DOI 10.1007/s11235-006-6517-7 MPI-SCTP: Using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) for parallel programs written using the Message Passing Interface (MPI), web page, last modified Sept 1, 2008.
* An SCTP performance measurement tool, (the link to the source does not work - so you will have to find it yourself) see the related doctoral dissertation (in French): Pawel Hadam, Transports nouvelle generation dans les reseaux `a tr`es haut, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 29 June 2005
* Christopher L. Lydick, Optimizing the ASC WAN: Evaluating Network Performance Tools for Comparing Transport Protocols, Technical report, Sandia National Laboratories, Report number SAND2007-4526, July 2007
* Tan Chang Hu and Larwrence F. Tolendino, Network Protocol Changes Can Improve DisCom WAN Performance: Evaluating TCP Modifications and SCTP in the ASC Tri-lab Environment, Technical report, Sandia National Laboratories, Report number fSAND2005-3132, June 2005
* Jon Pedersen, Evaluation of SCTP retransmission delays, Master thesis, University of Oslo, Department of Informatics, 24th May 2006
* Jinyang Shi, Yuehui Jin, Wei Guo, Shiduan Cheng, Hui Huang, and Dajiang Zhang, Performance evaluation of SCTP as a transport layer solution for wireless multi-access networks, In proceedings of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2004), Volume 1, 21-25 March 2004, pp. 453 - 458.
* Jinyang Shi, Yuehui Jin, Hui Huang, and Dajiang Zhang, Experimental performance studies of SCTP in wireless access networks, In proceeding of the International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings (ICCT 2003), Volume 1, 9-11 April 2003, pp. 392 - 395. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ICCT.2003.1209105
* Johan Eklund & Anna Brunstrom, Performance of Network Redundancy Mechanisms in SCTP, Karlstads universitet, 2005, ISBN: 9170630194, ISSN: 14038099
* Alberto Dainotti, Salvatore Loreto, Antonio Pescapé, and Giorgio Ventre, SCTP performance evaluation over heterogeneous networks, In Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Vol. 19, No. 8, 2007, pp 1207-1218
* Elvis Pfützenreuter, Applicability and performance of the SCTP transport protocol, Masters thesis, Santa Catarina Federal University, Brazil[Note that the thesis in in Brazilian Portugues!] However, the defense slides are in English.

* James Messer, Secrets of Network Cartography: A Comprehensive Guide to nmap, Second Edition, Revision 2, Published by Professor Messer, LLC, 2910 Kerry Forest Parkway, #D4-230, Tallahassee, Florida 32309, March 2007
* Gordon Fyodor Lyon, Nmap Network Scanning: The Official Nmap Project Guide to Network Discovery and Security Scanning, Nmap Project, January 1, 2009, 468 pages*, ISBN-10:* 0979958717*, ISBN-13:* 978-0979958717
* ajiv Chakravorty, Joel Cartwright, and Ian Pratt, "Practical experience with TCP over GPRS", Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM'02. IEEE, Volume 2, 17-21 Nov. 2002, pages: 1678 - 1682 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/GLOCOM.2002.1188483 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8454/26646/01188483.pdf
* David A. Hayes, Jason But, and Grenville Armitage, Issues with Network Address Translation for SCTP, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review, Volume 39, Number 1, January 2009, pages 24-33.
* Arbor Networks, Inc.'s Active Threat Level Analysis System (ATLAS) Dashboard
* Hao Shang, Exploiting Flow Relationships to Improve the Performance of Distributed Applications, Dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Computer Science, January 1, 2006
Page History DateUpdate 2016.02.17 moved to KTH Social 2011.01.31 added a subdirectory 2G1305 for old lecture material - to keep it accessible 2009.04.23 Added two references on nmap 2009.04.01 Added note regarding the reprise of the lectures on the 6th 2009.02.24 Added lecture notes for 2009 2009.02.09 Added a number of references related to SCTP 2009.01.20 corrected dates for topic and final report 2008.11.03 first version for 2009 © Copyright 2008,2009 G.Q.Maguire Jr. (maguire@kth.se) All Rights Reserved. Last modified: Mon Jan 31 11:04:42 MET 2011

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