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Headings denoted with an asterisk ( * ) is retrieved from the course syllabus version Autumn 2019
Content and learning outcomes
Course contents
The course will give a fundamental understanding on how energy technology can be applied to reduce energy demand of buildings. Thermodynamics, heat transfer, thermal indoor climate, measurement technology, building simulation software and problem solving will be applied in surveys to find the possibilities to increase the energy performance of buildings.
The course is divided in two parts; one theoretical part that consist of a series of lectures and one practical part where the student will work with surveys of real energy systems in buildings. The course focuses on typical buildings in the Swedish building stock, but the knowledge attained in this course can be adapted to any building and energy system in the world.
Intended learning outcomes
Upon successfully completing the course, the student should be able to:
Make a plan and perform an energy audit in buildings according to the degree of detail needed
Understand how to evaluate energy using systems in buildings in terms of energy efficiency
Be able to analyze and process historical energy data for buildings
Disaggregate and assign energy use between the different sub systems
Identify possibilities and tailor energy saving measures that will results in a reduced energy demand
Learning activities
This course will discuss how energy is used in buildings today and how energy technology can be used to increase energy performance of existing buildings. The course will focus on how the energy use may be reduced, keeping the same or improving indoor climate, by collecting and interpret information of the energy systems in buildings.
In the course the students will address and consider the following aspects:
Make a plan to audit energy systems in buildings according to the degree of detail needed
Perform the planned energy audit
Understand how to evaluate heat demand of building heating systems
Understand how to evaluate electric power of pumps, fans and other typical equipment
Estimate the UA-Value of typical building elements
Account for reference values of energy performance in different building types
Estimate the energy use of typical air conditioning applications
Calculate a buildings energy signature and normalize energy use
Interpret measurements on heating systems and identify defects
Interpret measurements on electric systems and identify defects
Distribute the measured energy use between the different sub systems
Understand how the different energy systems in a building interacts
Understand how the control systems interact with the energy systems in buildings
Identify typical errors in complex energy systems
Identify measures that results in a reduced energy demand
Evaluate measures and combination of measures from an technical perspective
Evaluate measures and combination of measures from an economical perspective
Evaluate measures and combination of measures from an social perspective
Detailed plan
Learning activities
Content
Preparations
FRL 1 – Energy use in Buildings
Lecturer: Jörgen Wallin
Buildings use energy, but what is the purpose of the energy systems in our buildings. In the first lecture we will look at energy use of building from a top down perspective. We start with the demand of the whole building, and work our way down to the different technical sub systems.
Think about what the purpose of a building and it's technical systems are.
FRL 2 – Technical building systems
Lecturer: Jörgen Wallin
The energy demand can be divided between the different technical systems within the building. In the second lecture we will focus on the technical systems in the building and how the operation will influence the energy performance of a building.
Make sure you understand the content of lecture 1.
FRL 3 – Energy audits
Lecturer: Jörgen Wallin
Energy audits can be performed in different levels of ambition. In the third lecture we will look into how energy audits can be undertaken to maximize the energy performance of a building.
Make sure you understand the content of lecture 2.
FRL 4 – Introduction to measurement equipment and measurements
Lecturer: Jörgen Wallin
When performing energy audits on a building a lot of information is often gathered. In order to make analysis of different technical systems measurement are often needed. In the fourth lecture we will go through the different measurement equipment that might be used in the project assignments.
Think of what could be interesting to measure in a building to be able to understand the energy flows.
PRO1 - Project assignment 1
Walk through energy audit of Building M37.
Make a plan for the audit according to relevant standard. Decide what measurement equipment you will use.
SEM1 - PRO1 Presentation
Presentation of walk through energy audit.
Prepare for presentation and plan to get ideas from other presentations.
PRO1 - Project assignment 2
Detailed energy audit of Building M37.
Prepare by making a plan for the audit. Including measurement och energy audit plan according to the standard.
SEM2 - PRO2 Presentation
Presentation of detailed energy audit.
Prepare for presentation.
TEN1 - Exam
Course exam
Make sure you have understood everything the group did in PRO1 and PRO2. Study the material discussed during the course.
The course use Energy-Efficient Building Systems: Green Strategies for Operation and Maintenance by Lal Jayamaha as primary course literature.
Apart from the book, additional course material will be available as PDFs in CANVAS. Students can also find interesting information in Heating and Air-Conditioning of Buildings by Faber Kell´s.
Support for students with disabilities
Students at KTH with a permanent disability can get support during studies from Funka:
Please inform the course coordinator if you need compensatory support during the course. Present a certificate from Funka.
Examination and completion
Grading scale
A, B, C, D, E, FX, F
Examination
PRO1 - Project, 1.0 credits, Grading scale: P, F
PRO2 - Project, 2.0 credits, Grading scale: P, F
TEN1 - Written exam, 3.0 credits, Grading scale: A, B, C, D, E, FX, F
Based on recommendation from KTH’s coordinator for disabilities, the examiner will decide how to adapt an examination for students with documented disability.
The examiner may apply another examination format when re-examining individual students.
In the exam, student can bring books that does not contain handwritten notes and other material approved by the course responcible.
Other requirements for final grade
To receive a final grade in the course the student shall complete and pass the two project assignments PRO1, PRO2 and receive a passing grade in the written exam. The final grade will be a combination of the grade in the written exam and the quality of the project assignments.
Grading criteria/assessment criteria
Grading Criteria
The different ILOs will be evaluated in the projects and the exam according with Table 1.
Table 1 ILOs and assessments
Intended learning outcomes
Project (PRO1)
Project (PRO2)
Exam (TEN1)
ILO 1 - Make a plan and perform an energy audit in buildings according to the degree of detail needed
X
X
X
ILO 2 - Understand how to evaluate energy using systems in buildings in terms of energy efficiency
X
X
ILO 3 - Be able to analyze and process historical energy data for buildings
X
X
X
ILO 4 - Disaggregate and assign energy use between the different sub systems
X
X
ILO 5 - Identify possibilities and tailor energy saving measures that will results in a reduced energy demand
X
X
X
Project assignments PRO1 and PRO2 (3 credits)
The grading scale of the project is P, F. More than 12 points are required to pass the PRO1 and more than 12 points are required to pass PRO2.
The final points of the projects depends on the evaluation of all ILOs according with the Evaluation Matrix presented in Figure 1.
The following Scale is used to grade the ILOs in the matrix:
Excellent (4 points): The students have proposed solutions and presented results, which are clearly motivated, evaluated and discussed thoroughly and quantitatively.
Good (3 points): The students have proposed solutions and presented results which are motivated, evaluated and discussed
Sufficient (1 point): The students have proposed solutions and presented results which are motivated and evaluated but not discussed
Fail (0 point): The students have proposed solutions, which are not motivated, evaluated or discussed.
ILO
1. PRO 1 Report
Weight
1
Plan and perform walk through audit
2
3
Analyze and present historical data
2
5
Identify and present energy saving measures
2
Sum PRO 1
Pass = Min 12/ Max 24
ILO
2. PRO 2 Report
Weight
1
Plan and perform walk through audit
1
2
Evaluation of energy systems
1
3
Analyze and present historical data
1
4
Disaggregation of energy use
1
5
Identify and present energy saving measures
2
Sum PRO 2
Pass = Min 12/ Max 24
Exam TEN1 (3 credits)
The grading scale of the exam is A, B, C, D, E, F. The grading criteria for the examination (TEN1) are presented in Table 4
Table 4: Grading criteria for the examination
ILO
Grading criteria for Grade E
Grading criteria for Grade C
Grading criteria for Grade A
1
Basic concepts according to relevant standards are adopted in report
Main concepts according to relevant standards are adopted in report
All concepts according to relevant standards are adopted in the report
2
Energy using systems are analyzed using basic principles
Energy using systems are analyzed using basic principles and relevant calculations
Energy using systems are analyzed using advanced principles and relevant calculations
3
Historical data presented
Historical data presented and analyzed using one method
Historical data presented and analyzed using two or more methods
4
Disaggregation between heating, cooling and electricity performed
Heating, cooling and electricity disaggregated
Heating, cooling and electricity disaggregated and analyzed
5
Basic evaluation of energy saving measures
Evaluation of energy saving measures including discussion of results
Evaluation of energy saving measures including discussion of results and economical calculations
A maximum of 24 points can be awarded in the exam.
Final grade (6 credits)
The course gives 6 credits from three different course activities. The final grade of the course is a combination of the points for the projects (PRO1 and PRO2) and exam (TEN1). A maximum of 24 points can be achieved in the course. The grade E is given if the exam have at least a grade E and the projects are awarded a Pass grade.
Calculation of the course final score is performed using the following formula:
Cfp=PRO1p*0.1+PRO2p*0.4+TEN1p*0.5
The final grade is awarded according to:
A = 24,0-21,4 p, B = 21,3-19,0 p, C = 18,9-16,3 p, D = 16,2-13,9 p, E = 13,8-12,0 p, F = 11,9-0,0 p
Other requirements for final grade
Inkluderas för vissa kurserHämtats från kursplan
To receive a final grade in the course the student shall complete and pass the two project assignments PRO1, PRO2 and receive a passing grade in the written exam. The final grade will be a combination of the grade in the written exam and the quality of the project assignments.
Ethical approach
All members of a group are responsible for the group's work.
In any assessment, every student shall honestly disclose any help received and sources used.
In an oral assessment, every student shall be able to present and answer questions about the entire assignment and solution.
