Geographic Analysis of Distance and Accessibility for Wheeled Vehicles

Abstract

The rapid urbanization of global populations and the growing importance of sustainableurban development have made transportation systems central to addressing bothenvironmental and social challenges. This thesis explores two key aspects of geographicdistance in the context of sustainable urban mobility. The first study focuses on wheelchairaccessibility within urban environments by designing and implementing a spatial databaseusing Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This database integrates topographical andinfrastructural data, identifying areas with significant accessibility challenges for wheelchairusers compared to pedestrians. By querying the database, the study pinpoints specificmobility barriers and offers insights into potential improvements for creating more inclusiveurban spaces. The second study develops a computational model for accurately estimatingthe pedaling work required for cycling through undulating terrain. Integrating a work-speedrelationship with GIS, the model accounts for gravity, rolling resistance, air drag, and kineticenergy to simulate the physical laws affecting cyclists in varying conditions. This approachenhances the precision of pedaling work estimations, providing cyclists with better decisionmakingtools for route planning. The model was implemented as an executable programcompatible with existing GIS, and its accuracy was tested against data from an actualbicycling trip.The results of the first study reveal clusters of locations that are either completelyinaccessible or significantly less accessible for wheelchair users, referred to as "wheelchaircold spots." These spots are caused by both common barriers like steep slopes and unexpectedfactors such as aesthetic features (e.g., pebble pavements) and safety enhancements (e.g.,raised sidewalks). Simple spatial queries can help identify suitable locations for mobility aidslike ramps. The study highlights that accessibility varies for different groups, emphasizingthe need for more thorough needs analysis and spatial database design to promote inclusiveurban planning and healthier public spaces. Results of the second study demonstrated themodel's accuracy and utility, with the estimated pedaling work reasonably matching therecorded data. This suggests that the model has potential for integration as a valuable additionto GIS. Both studies underscore the potential of GIS as a powerful tool for analyzing urbanmobility, informing sustainable transportation policies, and promoting social equity in cities.

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